Ohio Assessments for Educators (OAE) Mathematics Practice Exam

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In the context of transformations, what does subtracting from the input (f(x±k)) do?

  1. Horizontal shift left

  2. Vertical shift up

  3. Vertical shift down

  4. Horizontal shift right

The correct answer is: Horizontal shift left

Subtracting from the input in a function, represented as f(x ± k), results in a horizontal shift of the graph of that function. Specifically, when you subtract a positive constant k (f(x - k)), the entire graph shifts to the right by k units. Conversely, if you add a positive constant (f(x + k)), it shifts to the left by k units. This is because the input value must reach a larger value to produce the same function output; thus, the graph moves accordingly. This transformation is key to understanding how functions behave under shifts and changes, which is crucial in both algebra and calculus. By mastering this concept, students can easily analyze and graph functions in various contexts.