Ohio Assessments for Educators (OAE) Mathematics Practice Exam

What is a key characteristic of observational studies?

1. The tester manipulates variables

2. The tester does not control or change variables

3. They rely on correlation between variables

4. They have treatment and control groups

The correct answer is: The tester does not control or change variables

A key characteristic of observational studies is that the tester does not control or change variables. In this type of study, researchers observe subjects in a natural setting without intervening or manipulating any factors. This allows them to gather data about behaviors, outcomes, or conditions as they occur in the real world. By refraining from manipulating variables, the researcher can study complex interactions and correlations that might otherwise be obscured in an experimental setup. The focus in observational studies is often on how variables relate to one another naturally, providing insight into potential relationships without the influence of experimental interference. This characteristic distinguishes observational studies from experimental designs, where researchers actively manipulate one or more variables to evaluate their effect on other variables. Understanding this concept is crucial in distinguishing between different research methodologies, as the approach taken can significantly impact the results and interpretations in various fields of study. Observational studies can inform hypotheses for future experimental research by pointing out associations and trends that merit further investigation.