Ohio Assessments for Educators (OAE) Mathematics Practice Exam

What type of statistics uses samples to make predictions about the entire population?

1. Descriptive Statistics

2. Inferential Statistics

3. Observational Statistics

4. Correlational Statistics

The correct answer is: Inferential Statistics

The focus of the question is on the type of statistics that utilizes samples to infer or predict characteristics about a larger population. Inferential statistics is essential in this context because it allows researchers to draw conclusions based on a relatively small subset of data, known as a sample. These conclusions are then generalized to apply to the entire population, enabling effective decision-making and predictions. Inferential statistics employs various techniques, such as hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and regression analysis, to understand the relationships and parameters of a population based on sample data. This method is particularly useful when it is impractical or impossible to collect data from every individual within a population, making it a key tool in research and practical applications across various fields. In contrast, descriptive statistics simply summarize and describe the characteristics of a dataset without making predictions about a larger population. Observational statistics refers to the collection of data through observation without manipulation, and correlational statistics specifically deals with identifying relationships between variables rather than making predictions about entire populations. These differences help clarify why inferential statistics is the correct answer in this context.